Kuttam Pokuna

Kuttam Pokuna, famously known as the Twin Ponds, is one of the most remarkable and well-preserved examples of ancient Sinhalese hydraulic engineering and architectural design. Located within the Abhayagiri Monastic Complex in the sacred city of Anuradhapura, these magnificent granite bathing pools are believed to have been constructed during the reign of King Aggabodhi I (575–608 CE). They were designed primarily for the ritual bathing and sanitary use of the thousands of monks who resided at the sprawling Abhayagiri monastery.

• The Architecture: Despite being called "twin" ponds, the two basins are actually not identical in size. The larger southern pond measures 132 feet (40 meters) in length, while the northern pond is 91 feet (28 meters) long. Both share a width of 51 feet and feature elegantly stepped slopes lined with massive, finely cut granite slabs. The staircases descending into the water are beautifully ornamented with punkalas (pots of abundance) and intricate scroll designs, demonstrating that aesthetics were just as important as functionality.

• Advanced Water Management: The most astonishing feature of Kuttam Pokuna is its sophisticated water filtration and circulation system. Water was transported from a reservoir located nearly 3 kilometers away through a network of underground ducts. Before entering the ponds via a carved stone spout (a Makara or dragon's mouth), the water passed through a dedicated silt trap and filtering chamber to ensure its purity. The two ponds are connected by an underground pipeline, and wastewater was systematically drained from the bottom to irrigate nearby rice fields.

• Navigation and Tips: The ponds are easily accessible via the flat, dirt paths of the Anuradhapura archaeological zone, making a rented bicycle an ideal way to reach them. As you admire the precise stonework, keep an eye out for the finely sculpted five-hooded cobra (Naga) relief near the water inlet, which served as a traditional guardian of the water.